《化(hua)工園區(qu)安全(quan)風險排查治理導(dao)則》解讀(du)

近日(ri)，應急管理部修訂(ding)印發了《化工園區安(an)全風險排查治理導(dao)則》（以下簡稱《導(dao)則》）。現就有關內(nei)容解(jie)讀如下：

一、《導則》修(xiu)訂的背景是什(shen)么？

中共中央辦(ban)公廳、國(guo)務院辦(ban)公廳印發的(de)《關于全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)加(jia)強危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)意(yi)見》明確要(yao)求，對化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開展(zhan)達標認定(ding)，精準化(hua)(hua)排查評(ping)估安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，實施(shi)最嚴(yan)格的(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)整(zheng)頓。化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)載體和平臺空(kong)間，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)現有(you)公布認定(ding)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)640余個(ge)，危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)入園(yuan)率(lv)持續(xu)提高(gao)，化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)已成(cheng)為防控危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、提升(sheng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水平的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容。自《化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)排查治(zhi)理(li)(li)導則（試(shi)行(xing)）》印發實施(shi)以來，各(ge)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)，化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)無序發展(zhan)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)集聚的(de)勢頭得到初步遏制(zhi)，大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管控能力明顯提升(sheng)，但應急管理(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)組織(zhi)對全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開展(zhan)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升(sheng)專家(jia)指導服務中反(fan)映出部(bu)(bu)分(fen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)排查治(zhi)理(li)(li)和整(zheng)治(zhi)提升(sheng)精準性(xing)、有(you)效性(xing)不(bu)高(gao)，一些化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)缺乏(fa)規劃(hua)統籌、功(gong)能定(ding)位不(bu)清、企(qi)業(ye)入園(yuan)門檻低、配(pei)套水平不(bu)高(gao)、監管力量不(bu)足等深(shen)層次(ci)矛盾和問題尚(shang)未得到根治(zhi)，有(you)的(de)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)仍然較高(gao)。修訂(ding)印發《導則》，進一步發揮《導則》規范引領作(zuo)用，鞏(gong)固(gu)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)拓展(zhan)近(jin)年來化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升(sheng)相關政策措施(shi)要(yao)求，總結吸納各(ge)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)經驗(yan)做(zuo)法(fa)，對推(tui)動提升(sheng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水平，強化(hua)(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)防控具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。

二(er)、《導則(ze)》修訂(ding)的總體考慮是(shi)什么(me)？

《導(dao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)》修訂主要(yao)考慮三(san)(san)點：一是充分(fen)與(yu)(yu)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)策標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)銜接(jie)。《導(dao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)》以(yi)《安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產法(fa)》《危(wei)險(xian)(xian)化(hua)學品(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)條例(li)》等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)為依據，與(yu)(yu)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)建設(she)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)認定管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)、進(jin)(jin)一步加(jia)強(qiang)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的指(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)等(deng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)范(fan)相(xiang)銜接(jie)，融(rong)合(he)細化(hua)“十有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)”釋義（“十有(you)(you)(you)”，即有(you)(you)(you)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體(ti)系，有(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機構(gou)、人員、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制度，有(you)(you)(you)“四至”范(fan)圍，有(you)(you)(you)周(zhou)邊土地(di)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)安(an)全(quan)控制線，有(you)(you)(you)公(gong)用工(gong)(gong)程和(he)配套(tao)功(gong)能(neng)設(she)施(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)封閉化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，有(you)(you)(you)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)化(hua)學品(pin)車輛專用停車場，有(you)(you)(you)信息化(hua)平臺，有(you)(you)(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)技能(neng)實訓基地(di)，有(you)(you)(you)消防(fang)設(she)施(shi)〈特勤站(zhan)〉；“兩(liang)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)”，即“禁(jin)(jin)(jin)限控”目錄、禁(jin)(jin)(jin)止(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)居民居住和(he)勞動密集型企業），進(jin)(jin)一步明(ming)確化(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)排查治(zhi)理(li)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)。二是聚(ju)焦重(zhong)大(da)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防(fang)控。《導(dao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)》針對(dui)專家(jia)指(zhi)導(dao)服務(wu)發現(xian)的共性問(wen)題，結合(he)近年來典型事(shi)故(gu)暴露出的新情況新問(wen)題和(he)各地(di)區(qu)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升經驗做(zuo)法(fa)，圍繞集中布(bu)局、集群發展、降低安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)“兩(liang)集一低”總體(ti)目標(biao)，聚(ju)焦化(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)項目準(zhun)(zhun)入、規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)布(bu)局、防(fang)控安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)外溢(yi)和(he)多米諾效(xiao)應等(deng)重(zhong)大(da)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，提出化(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)安(an)全(quan)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升有(you)(you)(you)關要(yao)求(qiu)。三(san)(san)是嚴守安(an)全(quan)發展底線。《導(dao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)》將發生(sheng)較大(da)及(ji)以(yi)上生(sheng)產安(an)全(quan)事(shi)故(gu)、未配備雙電源、專業監管(guan)(guan)(guan)人員配備不達(da)標(biao)等(deng)重(zhong)大(da)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)點作為直接(jie)判定為高安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)級（A級）的特殊條款，倒逼(bi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)加(jia)快(kuai)整(zheng)治(zhi)提升，有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)降低安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。

三、《導則》修訂的主要內容是什么？

《導則》主要(yao)在以(yi)下三(san)個方面進(jin)行了(le)修訂：一是(shi)進(jin)一步明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)了(le)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)定(ding)(ding)義。在原《導則》基(ji)礎(chu)上，進(jin)一步明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)指由(you)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)批準(zhun)設立，經省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)或(huo)其授權機(ji)構(gou)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)公布，以(yi)發展(zhan)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)業(ye)為導向、地(di)理邊界和(he)管理主體(ti)(ti)(ti)明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)、基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)和(he)管理體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)完(wan)整的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域。對尚(shang)未通過認(ren)定(ding)(ding)的化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)排查和(he)整治提升可(ke)參(can)照執行。二是(shi)進(jin)一步明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)了(le)安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)和(he)動(dong)態調(diao)整機(ji)制有關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)。明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)了(le)不同層級(ji)滾(gun)動(dong)開展(zhan)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)，化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)每年(nian)(nian)開展(zhan)一次安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)等級(ji)自評(ping)(ping)，省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)層面按照每年(nian)(nian)不低于30%的比例抽查復核安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)等級(ji)，每三(san)年(nian)(nian)完(wan)成一輪全覆蓋省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)復核，根據(ju)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)結(jie)果開展(zhan)分級(ji)管控，落實動(dong)態調(diao)整機(ji)制。三(san)是(shi)進(jin)一步明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)了(le)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)排查細(xi)(xi)則。《導則》檢查表(biao)調(diao)整為“認(ren)定(ding)(ding)、選址及規劃、園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)布局(ju)、準(zhun)入和(he)退出、配套功能(neng)設施(shi)、安(an)(an)(an)全生產(chan)與(yu)應(ying)急一體(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)管理”等6大要(yao)素36項評(ping)(ping)估(gu)內(nei)容(rong)，進(jin)一步細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)明(ming)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)了(le)“四至(zhi)”范圍劃定(ding)(ding)、整體(ti)(ti)(ti)性安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)、項目(mu)安(an)(an)(an)全準(zhun)入、封閉(bi)化(hua)(hua)管理、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全技(ji)能(neng)實訓基(ji)地(di)等配套功能(neng)設施(shi)建設等相關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)，修改完(wan)善了(le)評(ping)(ping)分細(xi)(xi)則、分值和(he)直(zhi)接(jie)判定(ding)(ding)為高安(an)(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)等級(ji)（A級(ji)）的特殊條款(kuan)，增加了(le)事故扣(kou)分。

四、對評估為高或較高安全風險等級（A/B級）的化工園區如何處置？

《導則》對評估為高(gao)（A級）或(huo)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)（B級）安(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)等級的化(hua)工園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)，提出了三點(dian)處(chu)置要求(qiu)：一是(shi)限期(qi)整改，整改期(qi)間停止新(xin)、改、擴建危險(xian)化(hua)學品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)建設(she)項目（安(an)(an)全(quan)、環保、節能(neng)和(he)智能(neng)化(hua)改造項目除外）。二是(shi)整改完成后，由省(sheng)級相關部門組織安(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)等級復核(he)，仍達不到(dao)一般(ban)或(huo)較(jiao)(jiao)低安(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)等級的，報(bao)告省(sheng)級政府并提出處(chu)理意見。三是(shi)因(yin)發生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大及(ji)以上生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)安(an)(an)全(quan)事故被判定為高(gao)安(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)等級（A級）的化(hua)工園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)，應在事故發生(sheng)(sheng)至少(shao)3個(ge)月且(qie)事故已結案并向(xiang)社會(hui)公布(bu)后，方可提請安(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)等級省(sheng)級復核(he)。

五、如何依據《導則》開展化工園區安全整治提升？

化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)項系統性(xing)工(gong)(gong)程，要(yao)加(jia)快實(shi)施化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)質工(gong)(gong)程，逐(zhu)步實(shi)現“兩集(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)低”總體目標(biao)。化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)依據《導(dao)(dao)則》，逐(zhu)項對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)檢查(cha)(cha)短板漏洞，明確排查(cha)(cha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理重點(dian)任(ren)務和(he)目標(biao)，針對(dui)性(xing)完善實(shi)施“一(yi)(yi)(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)策(ce)”，持(chi)續開展(zhan)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)，加(jia)快配(pei)套基礎設(she)施和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理能力(li)建設(she)，系統提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)本質安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)水平(ping)，降低安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)。各地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)“十(shi)四五”危(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產規劃(hua)方案，對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)2025年底(di)前(qian)90%左(zuo)右的化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)達到較低安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)等級（D級）目標(biao)要(yao)求，以《導(dao)(dao)則》為依據，找準轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理共性(xing)問題和(he)短板弱(ruo)項，制定(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)計劃(hua)，加(jia)強政策(ce)支持(chi)引導(dao)(dao)和(he)幫扶(fu)督(du)導(dao)(dao)，做(zuo)好(hao)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)源頭把控(kong)，用好(hao)監督(du)約(yue)束手段(duan)，推(tui)動轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)整(zheng)(zheng)體提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)。應急管理部將加(jia)強《導(dao)(dao)則》宣貫(guan)解讀，加(jia)大專家指導(dao)(dao)服務力(li)度，實(shi)施重大安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)防控(kong)項目，督(du)導(dao)(dao)晾曬工(gong)(gong)作進度，總結推(tui)廣實(shi)踐(jian)經驗，持(chi)續深化(hua)(hua)(hua)鞏固整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成效，不斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)發(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)。